What did Hubble really discover? Why does redshift imply an expanding universe? Why is the night sky dark? Why is there so much hydrogen, and how is that connected to the Big Bang?

What did Hubble really discover? Why does redshift imply an expanding universe? Why is the night sky dark? Why is there so much hydrogen, and how is that connected to the Big Bang?
How does gravity bend the path of light? Does it seriously act like a lens or is that just a metaphor?
What strange creatures inhabit the so-called “particle zoo”? Why is it a zoo instead of something simpler?
What’s the idea behind the holographic principle? What does it have to do with black holes and the early universe?