What’s the deal with redshift? How can we actually interpret velocities when it comes to cosmic expansion?

What’s the deal with redshift? How can we actually interpret velocities when it comes to cosmic expansion?
Is light made of waves or particles? Is matter made of waves or particles? What does it mean for matter to “wave”, anyway?
What came before the big bang? How do we know the shape of the universe? We’re gonna need a bigger telescope!
The first stars were weird. What’s the connection between the first stars and giant black holes? Was every galaxy once a quasar?
What’s so bad about Venus, besides everything? How did it get so bad? How about Earth? @PaulMattSutter will answer the questions at #365DaysOfAstro
It turns out that the universe is kind of big. If the universe is important are we immortal? Did life happen on Venus and Mars?
How is Mars getting all its methane?
Why are there no green stars? How do we know what the big bang made?