That's great Chris, thanks!
Your 'simple' formulae went zipping so far over my head I got whiplash trying to see them.
However, your figure of 61% makes total sense to me - it's a number at least I understand.
As for climatic/geological considerations, I think its reasonably safe to conclude that other than the Hub; where magical concentration is so high that it precludes sustained Human life (that is, human life that doesn't want to wake up in the morning transformed into something with entirely too many legs), the climate of a given region would be more or less the same as its Roundworld equivalent. Hence, Lancre would be chilly, windy and rainy; like any mountain province, Djelibeybi (spell it out) would be hot and dry with frequent floods like it's equivalent, Egypt. Xxxx is an analogue of Australia, etc. so wherever humans would live on the Disc; they'd more or less find the same conditions as Earth.
Except Uberwald, of course.
Sorry; this was just a fun question for me - unreal as it is; little questions like this add a bit of reality to the fantasy.
Cheers!